which of the following describes situational communication competence

Norton (1997) claims that, [t]he central questions teachers need to ask are not, What is the learners mother tongue? and Is the learner a native speaker of Punjabi? Rather the teacher should ask, What is the learners linguistic repertoire? How to Push a Car Click to learn about the TeamSTEPPS situational monitoring pillar: TeamSTEPPS Situational Monitoring Pillar Presentation, View the last section, "Late morning," of the following video (AHRQ) and identify situational monitoring problems. . Bilingual books and materials in languages other than English can raise all childrens awareness through exposure to different languages and scripts. The other is given paper and crayons. Also, people who are better self-monitors are better deceivers, because they are aware of verbal and nonverbal signals that may give them away and may be better able to control or account for them. Question 6. may have difficulty expressing all their thoughts due to a restricted vocabulary and a limited command of language structure. If we notice that a person is starting to build related signals like the ones above onto one another, we might be able to intervene in the negative reaction that is building. Sure, stress affected his ability to be creative, but he refused to give up. A) nontraditional media. A sideways glance, which entails keeping the head and face pointed straight ahead while focusing the eyes to the left or right, has multiple contradictory meanings ranging from interest, to uncertainty, to hostility. In short, you cant read peoples nonverbal communication like a book, and there are no A-to-Z guides that capture the complexity of nonverbal communication (DePaulo, 1992). Communication apprehension (CA) refers to fear or anxiety experienced by a person due to real or imagined communication with another person or persons. Roll your eyes when you do not agree. Cognitive competence can also be developed through instruction. While waiting in line for a hot lunch, Rafa, a new teacher in the school, overhears Mrs. Holton telling several native Russian-speaking immigrant students to speak only English. The above example of translanguaging in action depicts a family using their many linguistic resources in their everyday lives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Even close proximity doesnt necessarily facilitate interaction. There are certain nonverbal cues that have been associated with deception, but the problem is that these cues are also associated with other behaviors, which could lead you to assume someone is being deceptive when they are actually nervous, guilty, or excited. understand phrases and short sentences using familiar vocabulary. Active listening, for example, combines good cognitive listening practices with outwardly visible cues that signal to others that we are listening. often pass through a silent period, during which time the student may not speak English. I did look at several websites, but I didnt directly quote anything so I didnt think I needed to put the citations in parentheses. As he says this, he rubs the back of his neck and then scratches his face and only makes minimal eye contact with the professor. . When assessing the proficiency levels of ELLs, it is important to take into account an individual students performances in each domain. First, challenge yourself to see the value in the study of communication. Why? In terms of sending, the tendency of children to send unmonitored nonverbal signals reduces as we get older and begin to monitor and perhaps censor or mask them (Andersen, 1999). Cooley, R. E., and Deborah A. Roach, A Conceptual Framework, in Competence in Communication: A Multidisciplinary Approach, ed. Some highly experienced deceivers, however, can control the presence of adaptors (Andersen, 1999). A book in the native language can soothe feelings of frustration and exhaustion common among L2 learners. One way to progress toward communication competence is to become a more mindful communicator. They are an unfortunate combination of circumstances and . Think of a time when your child is sick and you need to go to work. This knowledge of their first language (L1) will greatly enhance their opportunities to learn English. Language, identity, and the ownership of English. Since infringements on others territory can arouse angry reactions and even lead to violence (think of the countless stories of neighbors fighting over a fence or tree), be sensitive to territorial markers. Why or why not? Pike (1982), notes that [l]anguage is not merely a set of unrelated sounds, clauses, rules, and meanings; it is a total coherent system of these integrating with each other, and with behavior, context, universe of discourse, and observer perspective (p. 44). Since nonverbal communication is multichannel, it is important to be aware that nonverbal cues can complement, enhance, or contradict each other. Pike, K.L. Antonio, youve been absent for two days. Learning a first language is a complex and lengthy process. Communication apprehension (CA) is fear or anxiety experienced by a person due to actual or imagined communication with another person or persons. Therefore, a certain amount of tentativeness and mindful monitoring of a persons nonverbal and verbal communication can help us detect deception. literacy development in their native language. To reduce immediacy, we engage in civil inattention and reduce the amount of eye contact we make with others. In addition, many of the suggestions in the section on encoding competence can be adapted usefully to decoding. Alexia, a medical assistant, explains to Mrs. Philips that the medication is to be taken once a day with a full glass of water. The group with the longest chain wins. I teach history! Briefly, the idea of communicative competence is the communicators comprehensive knowledge and appropriate application of a language in a specific context. Which of the following best describes a communication channel? After a book has been read and discussed in the L2, students can use the L1 version to write about the topic, review issues discussed, or further their understanding. The use of body language and objects to convey meaning to messages c. A process of offering advice and suggestions and relating similar experiences d. Yet teachers can still promote the use of native languages in their classrooms. What information do you still need to obtain? As you read the scenario below, think about English language learners (ELLs) you may know. The situational approach c. Is used widely in leadership training and development 5. Which of the following issues of the period was the songwriter most likely concerned with? Kevin Trotman You Lie! Write one problem on the index card and place in envelope. Additionally, once the initial effort is put into improving your nonverbal encoding and decoding skills and those new skills are put into practice, people are encouraged by the positive reactions from others. Burgoon, J. K., Charles R. Berger, and Vincent R. Waldron, Mindfulness and Interpersonal Communication, Journal of Social Issues 56, no. Whether or not we achieve our day-to-day communication goals depends on our communication competence. She looks straight at the reporter, crosses one leg over the other, and says, Ive worked for the people of this community for ten years and no one has ever questioned my ethics until now. As she speaks, she points her index finger at the politician and uses a stern and clear tone of voice. Active listening, for example, combines . Personal contexts? The following may help you more effectively encode nonverbal signals related to interpersonal distances. So when I talk about . speak in simple sentences that are comprehensible and appropriate but are frequently marked by grammatical errors. Give timely, sensitive, instructive feedback to others about their performance on the team, responding respectfully as a team member to feedback from others. 269-285). 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. Remember that people enjoy interacting with others who are skilled at nonverbal encoding and decoding, which will be evident in their reactions, providing further motivation and encouragement to hone your skills. Recognize that some environments facilitate communication and some do not. A persons attractive or unattractive physical presentation can lead to irrelevant decoding that is distracting from other more meaningful nonverbal cues. Communication departments are typically the only departments that address communication apprehension explicitly, which is important as CA is related to negative academic consequences such as negative attitudes toward school, lower over-all classroom achievement, lower final course grades, and higher college attrition rates (Allen, Hunter, & Donohue, 2009). Pride, & J. Holmes (Eds. Thats the English departments jobor the ELL teachers jobnot mine! Do the same for your nonverbal decoding competence. You cant literally die of embarrassment. Audiences are forgiving and understanding. It also requires background knowledge, critical thinking and metacognitive skills, as well as understanding and applying cultural nuances, beliefs, and practices in context. CAN DO Descriptors depict what students can do with language at different levels of language proficiency. How can I express a specific attitude (e.g., courtesy, authority, friendliness, respect) when I need to? TeamSTEPPS Overview Presentation, AHRQ also offers an on-line course in TeamSTEPPS for create change teams within a primary care practice. Reprinted with permission. According the the text, communication competence MUST be both effective and appropriate.. We all face certain situations in which we communicate more competently than others; thinking about your own life, describe some of the types of situations in which you communicate less competently than others. The size of a persons territory often speaks to that persons status. I mean, is there someone else you could ask or someone else who could get her? begin to imitate the verbalizations of others by using single words or simple phrases. Rudi Heinzs head was swimming: state content standards, national content standards, state English language development standards, Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL) English language proficiency standards, WIDA[1]standards, district mandates, mandatory curriculum. b. receptive accuracy whereby you can detect, decode, and comprehend signals in your social environment. Increased awareness about these cycles can help you make conscious moves to change your nonverbal communication and, subsequently, your cognitive and emotional states (McKay, Davis, & Fanning, 1995). You are calling a family member for help. The third part of the definition we will unpack is ability to adapt to various contexts. surface features and rhetorical patterns of the native language (such as replication of ways of structuring text from native culture and language). b. involves conflict. The consequences of denying students first language can be far reaching because language, culture, and identity are inextricably linked. Communication is common in that it is something that we spend most of our time doing, but the ability to make sense of and improve our communication takes competence that is learned through deliberate study and personal reflection. Although close friends, family, and relational partners can sometimes be an exception, interrupting is generally considered rude and should be avoided. Of course, as nonverbal cues are layered on, they may contradict other signals, in which case we can turn to context clues to aid our interpretation. The strategic use of nonverbal communication to convey these messages is largely accepted and expected in our society, and as customers or patrons, we often play along because it feels good in the moment to think that the other person actually cares about us. This is likely due to the fact that people who are more nonverbally expressive are also more attention getting and engaging and make people feel more welcome and warm due to increased immediacy behaviors, all of which enhance perceptions of charisma. When we become more aware of the messages we are sending, we can monitor for nonverbal signals that are incongruent with other messages or may be perceived as such. Nervous communicators may have distracting mannerisms in the form of adaptors that you will likely need to tune out in order to focus more on other verbal and nonverbal cues. In many introductory communication classes that I teach, a student usually says something like You must be really good at this stuff since you study it and have been teaching it for a while. At the same time students assume that I have a high level of communication competence, they are hard on themselves for being at the stage of conscious incompetence, where they catch themselves communicating poorly in regards to a concept we recently studied. When we speak, our speech is often accompanied by nonverbal communications such as facial expressions, gestures, body movement, and sighs. Vocalics. Reproduced with permission. Verbal fillers are often used subconsciously and can negatively affect your credibility and reduce the clarity of your message when speaking in more formal situations. Linguistic concepts: An introduction to tagnemics. Being nonverbally expressive during initial interactions usually leads to more favorable impressions. When someone is avoiding eye contact, dont immediately assume they are not listening or are hiding something, especially if you are conveying complex or surprising information. What communication characteristics do they have that you might want to have yourself? Of course, skilled and experienced deceivers develop new scripts that can also become familiar and comfortable and allow them to engage in deception without arousing as much anxiety or triggering the physical reactions to it (Andersen, 1999). (Eds.) Nonverbal communication can also impact the impressions you make as a student. As your nonverbal encoding competence increases, you can strategically manipulate your behaviors. Even if you are intelligent, prepared, and motivated, CA and public speaking anxiety can detract from your communication and lead others to perceive you in ways you did not intend. For example, some cultures tend toward less touching and greater interpersonal distances during interactions. To improve your competence encoding nonverbal messages, increase your awareness of the messages you are sending and receiving and the contexts in which your communication is taking place. What communication concept has appealed to you most so far? Which of the following statements best describes interpersonal communication? & Ernst-Slavit, G. Although we touch others on the arm or shoulder with our hand, it is often too intimate to touch your hand to another persons hand in a professional or social/casual setting. Public speaking anxiety is type of CA that produces physiological, cognitive, and behavioral reactions in people when faced with a real or imagined presentation (Bodie, 2010). Understanding the different demands of each language domain aids educators in addressing the language learning needs of their ELLs. My cousin will stay in the hospital for a few days. Is the correct word order I the dog see or I see the dog? Kern, R. (2000). Think of a time when your car didnt start and needed to get into work.

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